Norwegian EQ-5D-5L value set (hybrid cTTO + DCE)
This value set provides a way to measure health-related quality of life in Norway using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. It combines two methods—time trade-off and discrete choice experiments—based on interviews with a representative sample of Norwegian adults. The results help assign values to different health states, from full health (1) to worse than death (-0.453), which can be used in cost-effectiveness analyses and health policy decisions.
At a glance
Use when
Conducting health economic evaluations in Norway; estimating QALYs using EQ-5D-5L data; informing reimbursement or pricing decisions in the Norwegian healthcare system; comparing health outcomes across interventions in clinical or health services research.
Avoid when
Applying to populations with cultural or linguistic differences from the general Norwegian adult population; when country-specific value sets from other nations are more appropriate; in settings requiring valuation of pediatric or end-of-life-specific health states not well captured by EQ-5D-5L.
Inputs
EQ-5D-5L health state profiles (5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression, each with 5 levels)
Outputs
Health state utility values on a scale from -0.453 (worse than death) to 1 (full health)
How it works
The Norwegian EQ-5D-5L value set was developed using a hybrid modeling approach combining composite time trade-off (cTTO) and discrete choice experiment (DCE) data collected from 1,237 adults representative of the Norwegian population. Data were gathered via PC-assisted and video interviews between November 2019 and December 2022 following EQ-VT 2.1 protocols. A weighted hybrid model integrating both cTTO and DCE data demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy and logical consistency. The model estimates health state utilities ranging from -0.453 to 1, with anxiety/depression having the largest negative impact on utility, followed by pain/discomfort, self-care, mobility, and usual activities. Regression coefficients align closely with those from other Scandinavian countries.
- HTA domains
- Clinical Effectiveness, Patient and Social Aspects
- Assumptions
- Respondents can meaningfully value health states using cTTO and DCE methods; the sample is representative of the Norwegian adult population; preferences are stable over the data collection period including pre- and post-pandemic phases; hybrid modeling improves precision and validity over single-method models.
- Strengths
- Based on a large, nationally representative sample of the Norwegian population,Uses robust hybrid modeling combining cTTO and DCE data for improved predictive accuracy,Follows standardized EQ-VT 2.1 protocol,Data collected over multiple years with consistent methodology,Results align with regional patterns, supporting face validity
- Limitations
- Potential bias due to mode shift in data collection (in-person to video interviews during pandemic),Complexity of cTTO and DCE tasks may affect respondent understanding,Limited ability to capture preferences of specific patient groups or extreme age populations,Value set does not include duration effects beyond standard time frames
- Also known as
- Norwegian EQ-5D-5L hybrid value set, EQ-5D-5L Norway value set, Norway EQ-5D-5L valuation
Questions this answers
- › What is the value of different EQ-5D-5L health states according to the Norwegian general population?
- › How do Norwegians trade off length of life for quality of life in different health conditions?
- › Which health dimensions matter most to people in Norway when evaluating health states?
- › How can EQ-5D-5L data be used in economic evaluations in Norway?
- › How do Norwegian health state values compare to those in other Western European and Scandinavian countries?
- › What is the utility score for a given EQ-5D-5L health profile in the Norwegian context?
References & sources
Similar by meaning
- EQ-5D-5L value set for Norway: a hybrid model using cTTO and DCE data
- Danish EQ-5D-5L value set (hybrid cTTO + DCE)
- Swedish EQ-5D-5L experience-based value sets (Burström TTO & VAS)
- General population norms for the EQ-5D-3 L in Norway: comparison of postal and web surveys
- The Danish EQ-5D-5L Value Set: A Hybrid Model Using cTTO and DCE Data
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