CHEERS 2022 Statement
The CHEERS 2022 Statement is a checklist to help researchers clearly report health economic evaluations so that others can understand, assess, and use their findings. It covers what information should be included in research reports about costs and health outcomes of interventions.
At a glance
Use when
Reporting results of a health economic evaluation for publication, peer review, or health technology assessment submission.
Avoid when
Designing or conducting an economic evaluation (use methodological guidelines instead), or when a simplified or non-academic summary is needed.
Inputs
A completed health economic evaluation study (e.g., model-based or trial-based cost-effectiveness analysis).
Outputs
A structured, transparent, and complete report of the economic evaluation following 28 standardized reporting items.
How it works
The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022) is a 28-item checklist providing updated guidance for reporting health economic evaluations. It replaces the 2013 CHEERS statement and supports transparent, complete, and standardized reporting across all types of interventions and settings. It applies to cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, and cost-benefit analyses, and supports stakeholder-informed, reproducible, and decision-useful reporting in peer-reviewed publications and HTA submissions.
- HTA domains
- Clinical Effectiveness, Costs & Economic Evaluation
- Assumptions
- Authors have conducted a valid economic evaluation and aim to report it in a way that supports peer review, decision making, and reproducibility.
- Strengths
- Broad applicability across intervention types, sectors (e.g., healthcare, public health, social care), and evaluation methods.,Updated to reflect advances in methods and increased emphasis on stakeholder engagement.,Promotes transparency, consistency, and completeness in reporting, enhancing utility for decision makers.
- Limitations
- Does not provide guidance on how to conduct economic evaluations—only how to report them.,May require interpretation for application to highly complex or novel study designs.,Not a quality assessment tool; adherence does not guarantee methodological rigor.
- Also known as
- CHEERS 2022, Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022
Questions this answers
- › What are the key components that should be reported in a health economic evaluation?
- › How can researchers improve transparency and reproducibility in economic evaluations?
- › What information should be included about the perspective, time horizon, and discounting in an economic model?
- › How should uncertainty (both parameter and structural) be reported?
- › How can stakeholder involvement be documented in economic evaluations?
- › What details about the intervention, comparator, and target population are necessary for interpretability?
References & sources
Related methods
Similar by meaning
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